Sleat - Security Logon Event Analysis Tools
Source Code
Latest development can be found on GitHub.
Blog Posts
Introducing Sleat - an overview of the problem Sleat was written to solve, along with some examples of how it fits into the context of a penetration test.
Uses for Sleat
Sleat is a collection of scripts for collecting, parsing, and analyzing logon events from Windows Security logs.
These scripts can be used for:
- Identifying workstations belonging to privileged users
- Identifying workstations/accounts connecting from the CDE
- Identifying workstations/accounts connecting from an IP address that wasn’t included (or conveniently forgotten!) in the scoping documents
- Visualizing the relationship of logon events across the environment using Graphviz
Before performing analysis, logon events must first be collected from a Windows host. This can be done several ways:
- Using the included Powershell script,
sleat-collect.ps1. This script will search the Security log on the local Windows host for Events with EventID 4624, pull specific fields (IP, Domain, Username, Workstation), sort and uniq the results, then write the output to a CSV file. - Copying the raw Security log (Security.evtx) off the Windows host and parsing it locally. EVTX files are stored in a proprietary binary XML format, so parsing it requires outside help. A python tool called python-evtx works well for converting the binary data into an ASCII XML format. This dump of ASCII XML can then be parsed by
sleat-parse.pyto build a CSV file with the same fields produced bysleat-collect.ps1.
The resultant CSV file is then passed to sleat-analyze.rb for analysis, along with two other files:
- <corp networks> - a newline-delimited text file of networks in corporate scope with CIDR notation (ex: 10.5.1.0/24)
- <cde networks> - a newline-delimited text file of networks in CDE scope with CIDR notation (ex: 172.16.10.0/24)
The scripts are broken up into 3 parts: Collect, Parse, and Analyze.
Overview of Scripts
Collect
sleat-collect.ps1 - Powershell script to enumerate logon events from the Security log
This script should be copied to the target Windows host and executed as a user with Administrator privileges. You may need to Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass before running. Pouring through hundreds of thousands of Events can take several minutes (on some hosts, can take upwards of 45 minutes). Although slow, this is less work than copying the Security.evtx file, converting it to ASCII XML, then parsing it.
Example usage:PS C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop> dir
Directory: C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop
Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
---- ------------- ------ ----
-a--- 2/11/2016 9:11 PM 527 sleat-collect.ps1
PS C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop> Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass
Execution Policy Change
The execution policy helps protect you from scripts that you do not trust. Changing the execution policy might expose
you to the security risks described in the about_Execution_Policies help topic at
http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=135170. Do you want to change the execution policy?
[Y] Yes [N] No [S] Suspend [?] Help (default is "Y"):
PS C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop> .\sleat-collect.ps1
PS C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop> dir
Directory: C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop
Mode LastWriteTime Length Name
---- ------------- ------ ----
-a--- 2/11/2016 9:13 PM 243 DC1-logons.csv
-a--- 2/11/2016 9:11 PM 527 sleat-collect.ps1
PS C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop> type .\DC1-logons.csv
"IpAddress","TargetDomainName","TargetUserName","WorkstationName"
"-","CORPDOM","DC1$",""
"-","NT AUTHORITY","SYSTEM",""
"::1","CORPDOM","DC1$",""
"10.10.10.10","CORPDOM","DC1$",""
"127.0.0.1","CORPDOM","Administrator","DC1"
"fe80::d144:4b4c:8789:f16d","CORPDOM","DC1$",""
<snipped>
Parse
sleat-parse.py - Python script for parsing output from python-evtx
If sleat-collect.ps1 was used to generate the CSV file, then this step can be skipped.
If the Security.evtx log was copied off the Windows host (usually found at C:\Windows\System32\winevt\Logs\Security.evtx), then the first step in parsing it locally is to convert it from the proprietary binary XML format into an ASCII XML format. This can be done with python-evtx:root@kali:~# git clone https://github.com/williballenthin/python-evtx.git
Cloning into 'python-evtx'...
remote: Counting objects: 896, done.
remote: Total 896 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 896
Receiving objects: 100% (896/896), 2.69 MiB | 0 bytes/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (469/469), done.
Checking connectivity... done.
root@kali:~# ll
total 336988
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Feb 4 12:33 python-evtx
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 314576896 Feb 4 07:21 Security.evtx
root@kali:~# python python-evtx/scripts/evtxdump.py Security.evtx > CORPDOM-dump.xml
Once the data has been converted to ASCII XML, the relevant fields need to be pulled from the Logon events. This can be done by sleat-parse.py:$ python sleat-parse.py -h
Usage: sleat-parse.py INFILE [-o OUTFILE]
An XML parser for output generated by python-evtx. Parses input XML file and pulls fields related to Logon events (EventID 4624).
Sorts and removes duplicates records. By default writes output to 'logons.csv' in current working directory unless -o option is specified.
Output format:
IpAddress,TargetDomainName,TargetUserName,WorkstationName
Examples:
sleat-parse.py CORP-dump.xml
sleat-parse.py CORP-dump.xml -o CORP-logons.csv
Type -h or --help for a full listing of options.
Options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-o OUTFILE Write output to OUTFILE. If this option is not specified, then
will write output to 'logons.csv' by default in the current
working directory.
Using sleat-parse.py to generate ‘CORPDOM-logons.csv’ from ‘CORPDOM-dump.xml’:$ python sleat-parse.py CORPDOM-dump.xml -o CORPDOM-logons.csv
Output file: CORPDOM-logons.csv
The resulting CSV file can then be passed to sleat-analyze.rb.
Analyze
sleat-analyze.rb - Ruby script for validating scope, identifying locations of privileged users, building graphs of logon relationships, and more.$ ruby sleat-analyze.rb -h
Usage: sleat-analyze.rb [options] <logons.csv> <corp networks> <cde networks>
logons.csv - a CSV produced by sleat-collect.ps1 or sleat-parse.py
corp networks - newline-delimited file of networks in corporate scope with CIDR notation (ex: 10.5.1.0/24)
cde networks - newline-delimited file of networks in CDE scope with CIDR notation (ex: 172.16.10.0/24)
Example usage
-------------
Show scope and user for all logon events (default):
sleat-analyze.rb logons.csv corp-vlans.txt cde-vlans.txt
Filter out all corporate hosts:
sleat-analyze.rb -c logons.csv corp-vlans.txt cde-vlans.txt
Filter out all machine accounts and exclude domain\user from output:
sleat-analyze.rb -mu logons.csv corp-vlans.txt cde-vlans.txt
Show logons performed by privileged users:
sleat-analyze.rb -p privusers.txt logons.csv corp-vlans.txt cde-vlans.txt
Show logons performed by privileged users only from the CDE:
sleat-analyze.rb -cnp privusers.txt logons.csv corp-vlans.txt cde-vlans.txt
-p privUsersFile File containing newline-delimited list of privileged users. Will only show results for privileged users.
-u Filter out domain\username from output
-m Filter out machine accounts (ex: WIN7-BOB$)
-n Filter out hosts not in scope
-c Filter out hosts in corp
-d Filter out hosts in CDE
-h, --help Displays help
By default, the script shows a fully verbose dump:$ ruby sleat-analyze.rb CORPDOM-logons.csv corp-vlans.txt cde-vlans.txt
Corp: 10.10.10.130 - CORPDOM\ORSK01$
Corp: 10.10.10.131 - CORPDOM\ORSK02$
Corp: 10.10.10.132 - CORPDOM\ORSKQ01$
Corp: 10.10.10.139 - CORPDOM\SKLEP01$
Corp: 10.10.10.140 - CORPDOM\LPND01$
Corp: 10.10.10.173 - CORPDOM\ESX01$
Corp: 10.10.10.192 - CORPDOM\PSS2$
Corp: 10.10.10.222 - CORPDOM\EFCT01$
CDE: 10.10.200.153 - CORPDOM\atlfosvc
CDE: 10.10.202.71 - CORPDOM\PBBCDB$
CDE: 10.10.202.73 - CORPDOM\cjones
Out: 10.10.21.16 - CORPDOM\ajones
Out: 10.10.21.17 - CORPDOM\ATL-EYJR$
Out: 10.10.21.17 - CORPDOM\eyjr
Out: 10.10.21.18 - CORPDOM\mgiles
Out: 10.10.21.18 - CORPDOM\ATL-mgiles$
<snipped>
Out: 10.9.66.38 - CORPDOM\gmaddux
Out: 10.9.66.64 - CORPDOM\GWI-AAA$
Out: 10.9.86.15 - CORPDOM\kmillwood
Out: 172.16.0.133 - CORPDOM\MIS-AA$
Corp: 208.31.22.10 - CORPDOM\atlfosvc
Counts:
CDE: 13
Corp: 314
Out of scope: 449
Run: neato -T png -O inscope.dot && neato -T png -O outscope.dot
This output can be filtered using various options. For example, filtering out corporate hosts:$ ruby sleat-analyze.rb -c CORPDOM-logons.csv corp-vlans.txt cde-vlans.txt
CDE: 10.10.200.153 - CORPDOM\atlfosvc
CDE: 10.10.202.71 - CORPDOM\PBBCDB$
CDE: 10.10.202.73 - CORPDOM\cjones
Out: 10.10.21.16 - CORPDOM\ajones
Out: 10.10.21.17 - CORPDOM\ATL-EYJR$
Out: 10.10.21.17 - CORPDOM\eyjr
Out: 10.10.21.18 - CORPDOM\mgiles
Out: 10.10.21.18 - CORPDOM\ATL-mgiles$
<snipped>
Out: 10.9.66.38 - CORPDOM\gmaddux
Out: 10.9.66.64 - CORPDOM\GWI-AAA$
Out: 10.9.86.15 - CORPDOM\dfodbmdbv
Out: 172.16.0.133 - CORPDOM\MIS-AA$
Corp: 208.31.22.10 - CORPDOM\atlfosvc
Counts:
CDE: 13
Corp: 0
Out of scope: 449
Run: neato -T png -O inscope.dot && neato -T png -O outscope.dot
Filtering out machine accounts and domain\username from output:$ ruby sleat-analyze.rb -mu CORPDOM-logons.csv corp-vlans.txt cde-vlans.txt
CDE: 10.10.200.153
CDE: 10.10.200.153
CDE: 10.10.202.73
Out: 10.10.21.16
Out: 10.10.21.17
Out: 10.10.21.18
Out: 10.10.21.24
Out: 10.10.21.25
Out: 10.10.21.26
Out: 10.10.21.29
Out: 10.10.21.30
Out: 10.10.21.30
<snipped>
Out: 10.9.44.35
Out: 10.9.66.38
Out: 10.9.86.15
Corp: 208.31.22.10
Counts:
CDE: 12
Corp: 166
Out of scope: 290
Run: neato -T png -O inscope.dot && neato -T png -O outscope.dot
Instead of finding hosts based on their scope, you may want to find hosts that belong to a privileged user. Let’s say a list of privileged users resides in a file named privusers.txt:$ cat privusers.txt
CORPDOM\adback
CORPDOM\a_ffreeman
CORPDOM\a_oalbies
CORPDOM\a_dswanson
CORPDOM\a_ariley
CORPDOM\a_msmith
CORPDOM\a_einciarte
CORPDOM\a_jteheran
This file can be passed with the -p option to only show logons for these users (domain names are ignored - this may help find accounts with the same name across different domains):$ ruby sleat-analyze.rb -p privusers.txt CORPDOM-logons.csv corp-vlans.txt cde-vlans.txt
Corp: 10.10.6.161 - CORPDOM\a_ffreeman
Corp: 10.10.6.161 - CORPDOM\a_jteheran
Corp: 10.10.6.161 - CORPDOM\a_oalbies
Corp: 10.10.6.161 - CORPDOM\a_msmith
Corp: 10.10.6.43 - CORPDOM\a_ffreeman
Counts:
CDE: 0
Corp: 5
Out of scope: 0
Run: neato -T png -O inscope.dot && neato -T png -O outscope.dot
Each time the script is ran, two files are generated: inscope.dot and outscope.dot. The reminder at the end of the output shows an example of how to render these dot files into a visual graph using neato. The contents of the dot files will only contain the results from the latest sleat-analyze.rb output.
Example output of inscope.dot.png. Red nodes indicate CDE networks, light green nodes indicate corporate networks:
TODO
- Currently only supports analyzing a single CSV. Extend it to analyze multiple CSVs, correlate, and build dot files showing mesh network of logons.
- Filter duplicates when using -u option in sleat-analyze.rb
- Add filter to match (or exclude) specified domain names
- Multithread powershell script to collect logs from multiple hosts simultaneously and write back to an open share (Routehunter-style)
- Investigate other types of useful Events to analyze (currently just inspecting 4624)